How does a liver scan work?

A liver scan, also known as a liver ultrasound or hepatic ultrasound, is a medical imaging procedure that uses sound waves to produce real-time images of the liver, gallbladder, and surrounding structures. Here's how a liver scan works:

1. Preparation:

- The patient is asked to fast for a certain period before the scan to reduce the presence of gas in the intestines, which can interfere with the ultrasound waves' transmission.

- The patient may be asked to lie on their back or on their side with their right arm raised above their head.

2. Ultrasound Gel Application:

- A clear, water-based gel is applied to the patient's abdomen over the area to be scanned. This gel helps the ultrasound transducer make good contact with the skin and transmit the sound waves effectively.

3. Transducer Placement:

- The sonographer (a healthcare professional trained in ultrasound imaging) places a handheld device called a transducer on the patient's abdomen. The transducer emits high-frequency sound waves that are inaudible to the human ear.

4. Sound Wave Transmission:

- The transducer sends sound waves into the body, and they bounce off internal structures, such as the liver, gallbladder, bile ducts, and blood vessels.

5. Image Formation:

- As the sound waves reflect off the tissues and organs, they are detected and collected by the transducer.

- These reflected sound waves are then processed by the ultrasound machine to create real-time images of the liver and surrounding structures.

6. Image Interpretation:

- The sonographer carefully observes and analyzes the images on the screen. They assess the size, shape, and overall appearance of the liver, as well as the condition of the gallbladder and bile ducts.

7. Color Doppler Imaging:

- Some liver scans may use color Doppler imaging. This technique allows the sonographer to evaluate the blood flow within the liver and its major vessels, providing information about any abnormalities in blood circulation or blockages.

8. Image Recording:

- During the scan, the sonographer may capture still images or short video clips of the liver and its structures for further analysis or documentation.

9. Completion:

- Once the scan is complete, the ultrasound gel is wiped off the patient's abdomen.

- The patient can resume their normal activities unless advised otherwise by the sonographer or their doctor.

10. Report Generation:

- The sonographer creates a report that describes the findings of the liver scan, including any abnormalities or suspicious areas that may require further investigation.

- This report is then shared with the patient's doctor for interpretation and appropriate follow-up.