Small-Cell and Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: What’s the Difference?

Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) and non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are two main types of lung cancer. They differ in their appearance under a microscope, how they grow and spread, and how they are treated.

Appearance under a microscope

SCLC cells are small and round, with little cytoplasm and dark nuclei. They often grow in clusters or sheets. NSCLC cells are larger and more irregular in shape, with more cytoplasm and lighter nuclei. They can grow in a variety of patterns, including adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and large cell carcinoma.

Growth and spread

SCLC is a more aggressive type of lung cancer than NSCLC. It grows and spreads more quickly, and it is more likely to metastasize to other parts of the body. NSCLC is less aggressive and is more likely to be localized to the lungs at the time of diagnosis.

Treatment

SCLC is typically treated with chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Surgery is sometimes used if the cancer is localized to the lungs. NSCLC is typically treated with surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or a combination of these treatments. The specific treatment plan depends on the stage of the cancer, the patient's overall health, and other factors.

Prognosis

SCLC has a poorer prognosis than NSCLC. The five-year survival rate for SCLC is about 7%, while the five-year survival rate for NSCLC is about 19%. However, the prognosis for both types of lung cancer depends on a number of factors, including the stage of the cancer, the patient's overall health, and the type of treatment received.