Can a fine needle aspiration case the cancer to metastasize?

While a fine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy is generally considered a safe procedure, there is a small risk that it could potentially lead to the spread of cancer cells. This risk is extremely low, but it is still important for patients to be aware of it before undergoing the procedure.

During an FNA biopsy, a thin needle is inserted into the suspicious area of tissue to extract a small sample of cells. In some cases, the needle may inadvertently puncture a blood vessel, which could then carry cancer cells to other parts of the body. This is known as hematogenous metastasis.

The risk of hematogenous metastasis is thought to be higher in certain types of cancer, such as melanoma, thyroid cancer, and lung cancer. It is also more likely to occur if the FNA biopsy is performed in an area that is close to a major blood vessel.

To minimize the risk of hematogenous metastasis, doctors typically take precautions such as using a very small needle and avoiding areas that are close to blood vessels. They may also recommend that patients avoid strenuous activity for a few days after the procedure.

Overall, the risk of cancer metastasis from an FNA biopsy is very low. However, it is still important for patients to be aware of this potential complication before undergoing the procedure.