What Is a Coloboma?
A coloboma is a hole or opening in one of the structures of the eye: the iris (the colored part of the eye), the retina, or the choroid layer.
Colobomas can occur anywhere in the eye, but they most commonly occur in the lower part of the iris. They can range in size from small, barely noticeable defects to large, gaping holes.
Colobomas can be congenital (present from birth) or acquired (develop later in life). Congenital colobomas are usually caused by developmental abnormalities during pregnancy. Acquired colobomas can be caused by trauma, inflammation, or surgery.
Symptoms of a coloboma
The symptoms of a coloboma can vary depending on the size, location, and cause of the defect. Common symptoms include:
- Blurred vision
- Light sensitivity
- Double vision
- Floaters
- Reduced peripheral vision
- Strabismus (crossed eyes)
- Nystagmus (rapid, involuntary eye movements)
Treatment for coloboma
The treatment for a coloboma depends on the size, location, and cause of the defect. Small, asymptomatic colobomas may not require treatment. However, larger or more severe colobomas may require surgery to correct vision problems, improve appearance, or relieve symptoms.
Surgery for coloboma
The type of surgery performed for coloboma will depend on the specific characteristics of the defect. Common surgical procedures for coloboma include:
- *Iridectomy*: This procedure involves removing a portion of the iris to create a new pupil.
- *Choroidotomy*: This procedure involves creating a hole in the choroid layer to relieve pressure on the retina.
- *Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) surgery*: This procedure involves laser surgery or cryotherapy (freezing) to treat premature babies who have developed ROP.
- *Transplant surgery*: In some cases, a coloboma may require a transplant of a healthy iris or retina.
Prognosis for coloboma
The prognosis for coloboma is variable and depends on the size, location, and cause of the defect. Most colobomas can be corrected with surgery to provide good vision and a satisfactory cosmetic appearance. However, some colobomas may result in permanent vision problems or other complications.