What can cause enlarged lymph nodes?

Enlarged lymph nodes, also known as lymphadenopathy, can be caused by a variety of factors, including:

1. Infections: Infections, such as bacterial or viral infections, are common causes of enlarged lymph nodes. Some specific infections that can cause lymphadenopathy include:

- Mononucleosis (caused by the Epstein-Barr virus)

- Strep throat (caused by bacteria)

- Measles

- Rubella

- Mumps

- HIV infection

- Tuberculosis (TB)

- Cat scratch disease

2. Inflammatory Conditions: Certain inflammatory conditions can also lead to enlarged lymph nodes. These conditions include:

- Rheumatoid arthritis

- Lupus

- Crohn's disease

- Ulcerative colitis

3. Immune Disorders: Various immune disorders can affect the lymph nodes, causing enlargement. Some examples include:

- Hodgkin's lymphoma

- Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma

- Leukemia

4. Cancer: Cancer, both cancerous tumors within the lymph nodes (primary lymph node tumors) and cancers that have spread to the lymph nodes (metastatic tumors), can cause lymphadenopathy.

5. Medication Side Effects: Some medications, such as certain antibiotics and anti-inflammatory drugs, can cause enlarged lymph nodes as a side effect.

6. Allergies: Severe allergic reactions can sometimes lead to swollen lymph nodes.

7. Trauma: Injury or trauma to an area of the body can cause nearby lymph nodes to enlarge.

8. Autoimmune Diseases: Autoimmune diseases, in which the body's immune system attacks its own tissues, can cause generalized or localized lymph node enlargement.

In some cases, enlarged lymph nodes may be a sign of a more serious underlying condition. If you notice any significant or persistent enlargement of lymph nodes, it's important to see a doctor for evaluation and appropriate testing to determine the cause.