What happens when lymphatics are blocked due to tumors?

Blockage of lymphatic vessels by tumors can lead to a number of serious complications, including:

1. Lymphedema: Lymphedema is the accumulation of fluid in the tissues due to impaired lymphatic drainage. It commonly occurs in the limbs, but can also affect other parts of the body. Lymphedema can cause swelling, discomfort, and difficulty with movement.

2. Infection: Blockage of lymphatic vessels can increase the risk of infection, as the lymph nodes are important in filtering out bacteria and other microorganisms. Infection can occur in the skin, soft tissues, or deeper structures.

3. Tumor spread: Lymphatic vessels are a common pathway for tumor cells to spread from one part of the body to another. When lymphatic vessels are blocked, tumor cells may be more likely to spread to other tissues and organs.

4. Chylothorax and ascites: If lymphatic vessels in the chest (thoracic duct) or abdomen (cisterna chyli) are blocked, it can lead to the accumulation of fluid in these cavities. This is known as chylothorax (fluid in the chest) or ascites (fluid in the abdomen).

5. Malnutrition: Blockage of lymphatic vessels in the intestines can interfere with the absorption of nutrients from food. This can lead to malnutrition and weight loss.

6. Organ dysfunction: Blockage of lymphatic vessels in an organ can disrupt its normal function. For example, blockage of lymphatic vessels in the liver can lead to liver failure.

The symptoms and complications of lymphatic blockage can vary depending on the location and extent of the blockage. Prompt diagnosis and treatment of the underlying cause (such as the tumor) are important to prevent or minimize these complications.