Why would you get purple or dark discolored lips?
Purple or dark discoloration of the lips can occur for a variety of reasons. Here are several potential causes:
1. Cyanosis: Cyanosis refers to a bluish or purplish discoloration of the skin or mucous membranes, including the lips, due to low oxygen levels in the blood. It can indicate underlying medical conditions that affect the lungs, heart, or blood circulation. Causes of cyanosis may include respiratory problems (such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or pneumonia), heart conditions (such as congenital heart defects or heart failure), anemia, or drug overdoses.
2. Raynaud's Disease: Raynaud's disease is a condition that affects blood flow to the fingers and toes, and sometimes the lips and ears. It causes episodes of vasospasms, where the small blood vessels constrict, restricting blood flow. During an attack, the affected areas may turn pale, then blue or purple, and finally red as blood flow returns. Raynaud's disease can be primary (without an underlying cause) or secondary to another condition, such as autoimmune disorders (e.g., lupus or rheumatoid arthritis).
3. Acidosis: Acidosis refers to an abnormally low pH level in the body fluids, indicating an excess of acids or decreased bicarbonate levels. Severe acidosis can lead to purplish or bluish discoloration of the lips as the blood becomes more acidic. Causes of acidosis can include conditions such as diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), lactic acidosis, or renal failure.
4. Peripheral Cyanosis: Peripheral cyanosis occurs when there is insufficient blood flow to the extremities, particularly the hands and feet, and sometimes the lips. It can be caused by prolonged exposure to cold temperatures, poor circulation, arterial insufficiency, or certain medications (e.g., vasodilators).
5. Certain Medications: Some medications, such as antimalarial drugs (e.g., chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine) and some chemotherapy drugs, can cause temporary darkening or discoloration of the lips. This side effect usually resolves after discontinuing the medication.
6. Other Medical Conditions: Several other medical conditions can also cause dark or purple lips, including liver disease, Addison's disease (a disorder of the adrenal glands), polycythemia Vera (a blood disorder characterized by an excess of red blood cells), and tumors or lesions on the lips.
If you notice a sudden or persistent change in the color of your lips, especially if accompanied by other symptoms or discomfort, it's important to see a healthcare professional for proper evaluation and diagnosis. The underlying cause and appropriate treatment will depend on the specific factors contributing to the discoloration.