What is retinal cancer?

Retinal cancer, also known as retinoblastoma, is a rare type of cancer that primarily affects the retina, the light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eye. It most often occurs in early childhood and is the most common type of eye cancer in children.

Retinal cancer develops when cells in the retina begin to divide and multiply abnormally. These abnormal cells form a tumor that can grow and spread, eventually leading to vision loss and/or other complications.

Common signs of retinal cancer in children include:

- White or yellowish pupil (leukocoria), the most noticeable symptom

- Abnormal eye movement or a wandering eye (strabismus)

- Poor vision or decreased vision in one eye

- Red, irritated, or swollen eye

- A difference in the size of the pupils between the two eyes

It's important to note that not all white spots in the pupil indicate cancer. However, any noticeable changes in the eyes or vision, particularly in children, should be evaluated by an ophthalmologist promptly to rule out potential eye conditions or diseases, including retinal cancer.

Retinal cancer can also occur in adults, although it's much less common. Adult retinal cancer may show different symptoms compared to childhood cases and can sometimes be misdiagnosed as other eye conditions.

Treatment for retinal cancer typically involves specialized approaches such as radiation therapy, chemotherapy, surgery, or a combination of these therapies, depending on the stage and location of the tumor. Early diagnosis and proper management can significantly improve the chances of successful treatment and preserving vision.