Where Does Ovarian Cancer Spread?

Ovarian cancer can spread in several ways:

1. Direct Extension: Ovarian cancer can directly spread to nearby organs and tissues, including the fallopian tubes, uterus, bowels, and omentum (a fatty apron that covers the abdominal organs).

2. Lymphatic Spread: Ovarian cancer cells can enter the lymphatic system and spread to lymph nodes in the pelvis, abdomen, and other areas of the body.

3. Hematogenous Spread (Bloodstream): Cancer cells can enter the bloodstream and travel to distant organs, leading to the development of metastases in various parts of the body, such as the liver, lungs, brain, and bones.

4. Transperitoneal Spread: Ovarian cancer cells can shed into the peritoneal cavity (the space within the abdomen) and implant on the surfaces of other organs, leading to peritoneal carcinomatosis. This can cause fluid buildup (ascites) and extensive tumor growth within the abdomen.

5. Transdiaphragmatic Spread: In advanced cases, ovarian cancer can spread through the diaphragm (the muscle that separates the abdomen from the chest) and affect the lungs and pleura (the lining of the lungs).

The pattern and extent of ovarian cancer spread depend on several factors, including the type and stage of the cancer, individual characteristics, and the presence of any risk factors. Accurate diagnosis and staging of ovarian cancer are essential for determining the appropriate treatment approach and managing the disease effectively.