When is surgery indicated for ovarian cysts?

Ovarian cysts are fluid-filled sacs that develop on the ovaries. Most ovarian cysts are benign (non-cancerous) and do not require treatment. However, surgery may be indicated in certain cases, including:

1. Large or Complex Cysts: Ovarian cysts larger than 5 centimeters (cm) in diameter or those with complex internal structures (indicating a higher risk of malignancy) may be recommended for surgical removal.

2. Suspected Malignancy: If there is a concern that the cyst may be cancerous, surgery is necessary to obtain a biopsy and determine the exact nature of the cyst.

3. Persistent Pain or Discomfort: Ovarian cysts can cause significant pain or discomfort, especially if they rupture or cause torsion (twisting) of the ovary. In such cases, surgery may be needed to alleviate the symptoms.

4. Infertility: Some ovarian cysts can interfere with ovulation and cause infertility. Surgery may be an option to remove the cyst and improve fertility chances.

5. Endometriomas: Ovarian cysts associated with endometriosis (chocolate cysts) may be surgically removed to manage the symptoms of endometriosis and preserve fertility.

It's important to note that the decision to perform surgery for ovarian cysts is individualized based on factors such as the size, type, symptoms, and potential risks associated with the cyst. If surgery is necessary, a minimally invasive approach such as laparoscopic surgery is often preferred to minimize scarring and recovery time.

Your doctor will assess your specific situation, discuss the risks and benefits of surgery, and recommend the most appropriate treatment option for your condition.