What is the normal structure of ovary?

Normal Structure of Ovary:

The ovaries, located on either side of the uterus, play a crucial role in the female reproductive system. Here is an overview of the normal structure of an ovary:

1. Cortex:

- The outermost layer of the ovary is called the cortex and contains developing follicles.

- Primary follicles, each consisting of an immature egg (oocyte) surrounded by a single layer of granulosa cells, are found within the cortex.

- As the follicles mature, they progress from primary to secondary follicles and then to tertiary follicles, which are also known as Graafian follicles.

- Graafian follicles are fully developed and ready for ovulation, releasing a mature egg during the menstrual cycle.

2. Medulla:

- The inner portion of the ovary is the medulla, which is mainly composed of connective tissue, blood vessels, and lymphatic vessels.

- The medulla provides structural support and nourishment to the follicles within the cortex.

3. Hilum:

- The hilum is an indentation on the surface of the ovary where blood vessels and nerves enter and exit.

4. Ovarian Follicles:

- Follicles are structures within the ovary that contain the developing eggs.

- Each follicle consists of an outer layer of cells called the theca externa and an inner layer called the theca interna.

- The theca interna produces hormones, including estrogen, which plays a key role in regulating the menstrual cycle.

5. Corpus Luteum:

- After ovulation, the remaining follicle cells in the ovary transform into the corpus luteum.

- The corpus luteum produces progesterone, a hormone that helps prepare the uterus for implantation of a fertilized egg and maintain pregnancy.

The normal structure of the ovary is essential for its function in the menstrual cycle, hormone production, and reproduction. Any abnormalities in ovarian structure or function can have implications for fertility and overall reproductive health.