What could be the reason for swelling of a ovary?

Ovarian cysts: Ovarian cysts are fluid-filled sacs that develop on the ovaries. They are usually benign (non-cancerous) and can range in size from small to large. Large ovarian cysts can cause the ovary to swell and can lead to symptoms such as pelvic pain, bloating, and irregular menstrual cycles.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): PCOS is a hormonal disorder that affects women of reproductive age. It is characterized by the presence of multiple small cysts on the ovaries, as well as hormonal imbalances and irregular menstrual cycles. PCOS can cause the ovaries to enlarge and become swollen.

Ovarian tumors: Ovarian tumors can be either benign or malignant (cancerous). Benign ovarian tumors, such as fibromas and cystadenomas, can cause the ovary to swell. Malignant ovarian tumors, such as ovarian cancer, can also cause ovarian swelling, but they are typically more advanced and may cause additional symptoms such as weight loss, fatigue, and changes in bowel or bladder habits.

Infections: Infections of the ovary, such as salpingitis (infection of the fallopian tubes) or pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), can cause the ovary to swell and become painful.

Ectopic pregnancy: An ectopic pregnancy occurs when a fertilized egg implants outside of the uterus, usually in the fallopian tube. This can cause the ovary to swell and can lead to symptoms such as abdominal pain, vaginal bleeding, and nausea.

Endometriosis: Endometriosis is a condition in which tissue similar to the lining of the uterus (endometrium) grows outside of the uterus. It can affect the ovaries and cause them to become swollen and painful.

Ovarian torsion: Ovarian torsion occurs when the ovary twists on its supporting ligament, cutting off its blood supply. This can cause sudden and severe pain, as well as swelling of the ovary.