How do you confirm ovarian cancer?

Diagnosis involves several steps and tests:

Pelvic exam: Doctor manually feels ovaries and surrounding structures for any abnormalities or growths.

Transvaginal ultrasound: Probe inserted into vagina to produce detailed images of ovaries and uterus.

Blood tests: Elevated CA-125 levels may indicate ovarian cancer, but not always reliable as can be raised in other conditions too.

Biopsy: Removal of a small sample of ovarian tissue for lab analysis. Can be done during laparoscopy or laparotomy.

Imaging tests like CT scans or MRI scans may be used to assess the extent of the cancer and look for any spread to other organs.