What is the primary function of Pancreas?

The pancreas serves two primary functions:

Exocrine Function:

1. Digestion: The pancreas produces and secretes enzymes essential for the digestion of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. These enzymes include amylase, protease (trypsin and chymotrypsin), and lipase. They are released into the small intestine via the pancreatic ducts.

- Amylase: Breaks down carbohydrates into simple sugars.

- Protease: Breaks down proteins into smaller peptides and amino acids.

- Lipase: Breaks down fats into fatty acids and monoglycerides.

Endocrine Function:

2. Regulation of Blood Glucose: The pancreas plays a critical role in regulating blood sugar (glucose) levels. It produces and releases hormones that control glucose metabolism:

- Insulin: Insulin helps cells throughout the body absorb glucose from the bloodstream, lowering blood sugar levels. It promotes the storage of glucose in the liver, muscles, and adipose tissues.

- Glucagon: Glucagon works opposite to insulin. It raises blood sugar levels when they drop too low. Glucagon prompts the liver to convert stored glycogen into glucose and release it into the bloodstream.

- Somatostatin: Somatostatin is involved in regulating the release of insulin and glucagon, helping maintain the balance of blood glucose levels.

In addition to these primary functions, the pancreas also produces other digestive enzymes, such as carboxypeptidases and nucleases, which further aid in the digestion of food.