What is the function of acini in pancreas?

Acini in the pancreas are clusters of cells that are responsible for producing and releasing digestive enzymes. These digestive enzymes, such as amylase, lipase, and trypsin, help to break down carbohydrates, fats, and proteins in the food we eat into smaller molecules that can be absorbed and used by the body.

The acini cells produce these digestive enzymes in an inactive form called zymogens. Zymogens are then packaged into vesicles called zymogen granules and stored in the acini cells until they are needed. When food is consumed, the pancreas is signalled to release these digestive enzymes into the small intestine.

The secretion of digestive enzymes from the acini cells is regulated by a number of hormones, including cholecystokinin (CCK) and secretin. CCK is released in response to the presence of fat and protein in the small intestine, while secretin is released in response to the presence of acid in the small intestine. These hormones stimulate the acini cells to release their zymogen granules, which then break down into active digestive enzymes.

In addition to producing digestive enzymes, the acini cells also produce a small amount of bicarbonate ions. Bicarbonate ions help to neutralise the acidic chyme that is produced in the stomach. This helps to create a more alkaline environment in the small intestine, which is necessary for the proper functioning of the digestive enzymes.

The acini cells are therefore an essential part of the digestive process, as they produce and release the digestive enzymes and bicarbonate ions that are necessary for the breakdown and absorption of food.