How Long Should Active Surveillance of Prostate Cancer Last?

Active surveillance (AS), also called watchful waiting, is a monitoring strategy for men with low-risk prostate cancer that does not require immediate treatment. The goal of AS is to detect any changes in the cancer over time and to intervene with treatment if necessary.

The length of time that a man remains on AS varies depending on several factors, including:

- The type of prostate cancer: The specific type and aggressiveness of the cancer, as determined by biopsy and other tests, will impact the recommended duration of AS.

- The man's age and overall health: Younger men with a longer life expectancy may be able to stay on AS longer, while older men or those with other health conditions may need to consider treatment sooner.

- Personal preferences: Some men may be more comfortable with the idea of AS and may prefer to delay treatment until necessary, while others may prefer to undergo treatment earlier for peace of mind.

In general, men on AS typically have regular check-ups that may include prostate exams, blood tests, and imaging tests like prostate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or ultrasound. The frequency of these check-ups may vary but often ranges from every few months to once or twice a year.

The duration of AS can last for several years, potentially even a decade or more, if the cancer remains stable and does not show signs of progression. However, if the cancer shows any indication of growth or changes in its characteristics, the doctor may recommend switching to active treatment, which may involve surgery, radiation therapy, or other options.

It's important to note that AS is not appropriate for all men with prostate cancer. Men with intermediate- or high-risk cancer or those who are symptomatic may require more immediate treatment, and the decision to pursue AS should always be made in consultation with a healthcare professional.

Regular monitoring and communication with your doctor are crucial throughout active surveillance to ensure that any necessary adjustments or interventions are made in a timely manner.