What happens to the prostate in cancer?

In prostate cancer, the normal cells of the prostate gland undergo genetic changes that cause them to grow and divide uncontrollably. These abnormal cells form a mass or tumor within the prostate. As the tumor grows, it can invade and damage nearby tissues, including the urethra (the tube that carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body) and the rectum (the last part of the large intestine). The tumor can also spread to other parts of the body, such as the bones, lymph nodes, and other organs.

Some of the factors that can increase the risk of developing prostate cancer include:

* Age: Prostate cancer is most common in men over the age of 50.

* Family history: Men who have a father or brother with prostate cancer are at an increased risk of developing the disease.

* Race: African American men are more likely to develop prostate cancer than men of other races.

* Obesity: Obese men are at an increased risk of developing prostate cancer.

* Diet: A diet high in saturated fat and red meat may increase the risk of prostate cancer.

* Smoking: Smoking is associated with an increased risk of prostate cancer.

Prostate cancer is usually diagnosed through a combination of blood tests, a physical exam, and a biopsy. Treatment options for prostate cancer vary depending on the stage of the disease and the patient's age and overall health. Treatment options may include surgery, radiation therapy, hormone therapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy.