Why anode of x ray tube made tungsten?

The anode of an X-ray tube is made of tungsten for several reasons:

1. High Melting Point: Tungsten has an extremely high melting point of 3,422 degrees Celsius (6,192 degrees Fahrenheit). This property is crucial because the anode in an X-ray tube is subjected to intense heat generated by the bombardment of high-energy electrons. Tungsten's high melting point ensures that the anode can withstand these extreme temperatures without melting or deforming.

2. High Atomic Number: Tungsten has a high atomic number (74), which means it contains a large number of protons in its nucleus. When high-energy electrons interact with the tungsten atoms in the anode, they undergo rapid deceleration, resulting in the emission of X-rays. The higher the atomic number of the anode material, the more efficient the X-ray production process becomes.

3. Thermal Conductivity: Tungsten possesses excellent thermal conductivity, which allows it to efficiently dissipate the heat generated by electron bombardment. This property is important in preventing the anode from overheating and causing damage to the X-ray tube.

4. Mechanical Strength: Tungsten has high mechanical strength and hardness, making it resistant to wear and tear. This is crucial because the anode is subjected to constant bombardment of high-energy electrons, which can cause erosion or damage to the material over time. Tungsten's durability ensures the longevity of the X-ray tube.

5. Low Vapor Pressure: Tungsten has a low vapor pressure, which means that it does not readily vaporize or release atoms into the vacuum of the X-ray tube. This is important to maintain a high vacuum within the tube, as the presence of gas molecules can interfere with the X-ray production process.

Due to these exceptional properties, tungsten is the preferred material for the anode in X-ray tubes, ensuring efficient X-ray production, durability, and reliability of the equipment.