How is stereotactic radiation therapy used to treat acoustic neuroma?

Stereotactic radiation therapy (SRT) is a non-invasive treatment option for acoustic neuroma, also known as vestibular schwannoma. It uses precisely focused beams of radiation to target the tumor while minimizing damage to surrounding healthy tissues. Here's how SRT is used to treat acoustic neuroma:

1. Patient Selection:

SRT is typically recommended for patients with acoustic neuromas that are small to medium in size (usually less than 3 centimeters in diameter) and have not caused significant neurological deficits. It may also be considered for patients who are not suitable for microsurgical removal due to medical risks or anatomical challenges.

2. Treatment Planning:

Before the SRT procedure, a treatment plan is carefully developed by a team of radiation oncologists, medical physicists, and dosimetrists. Advanced imaging techniques, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) scans, are used to precisely map the location, size, and shape of the tumor.

3. Immobilization:

To ensure accuracy during treatment, the patient's head is immobilized using a customized thermoplastic mask or other immobilization devices. This helps to minimize movement and maintain the precise positioning of the patient's head throughout the procedure.

4. Delivery of Radiation:

SRT is typically delivered in a single session or a few sessions over several days. The radiation beams are precisely focused on the tumor using specialized equipment, such as a linear accelerator or a gamma knife. The radiation dose is carefully calculated to deliver the maximum amount of radiation to the tumor while protecting surrounding critical structures, such as the inner ear, facial nerve, and brain tissue.

5. Monitoring and Follow-Up:

During the SRT procedure, the patient is closely monitored by the medical team. After treatment, regular follow-up appointments are scheduled to assess the effectiveness of the therapy and monitor for any side effects. MRI scans are often used to evaluate tumor response and check for any changes.

6. Outcomes:

SRT has been shown to be an effective treatment for acoustic neuroma. It can help control tumor growth, preserve hearing and facial nerve function, and alleviate symptoms such as tinnitus and dizziness. The success rate of SRT depends on various factors, including the size and location of the tumor and the individual patient's response to radiation.

7. Side Effects:

SRT is generally well-tolerated, but some side effects may occur. These can include temporary hair loss in the treatment area, mild fatigue, nausea, and skin irritation. In rare cases, more serious complications such as damage to the facial nerve or inner ear may occur, but these risks are carefully managed by the treatment team.

SRT offers a minimally invasive and effective approach to treating acoustic neuroma. It provides an alternative to surgery for selected patients and helps preserve hearing and facial nerve function whenever possible. The treatment plan is tailored to each individual's needs to achieve optimal outcomes while minimizing side effects.