Why x rays and not y rays?

There are several reasons why X-rays are used for medical imaging rather than gamma rays:

1. Penetration: X-rays have a moderate ability to penetrate tissues, making them suitable for imaging structures such as bones and organs. Gamma rays, on the other hand, are highly penetrating and can pass through most materials easily, which can make it challenging to obtain clear images.

2. Safety: X-rays produce less ionizing radiation compared to gamma rays. While both types of radiation can be harmful to living tissues, the lower energy of X-rays results in a reduced risk of damage to cells and DNA. X-ray doses used in medical imaging are carefully controlled to minimize potential risks to patients.

3. Production and Control: X-rays can be easily generated and controlled using X-ray tubes. The production of X-rays can be precisely adjusted to achieve the desired intensity and quality for medical imaging purposes. In contrast, gamma rays are typically emitted by radioactive materials, which require specialized equipment and shielding for safe handling and control.

4. Image Quality: X-rays produce images with good contrast and resolution, allowing clear visualization of anatomical structures. Gamma rays, due to their high energy and penetrating power, can result in images with reduced contrast and increased background noise, making it more difficult to distinguish subtle details.

5. Cost and Accessibility: X-ray imaging equipment is widely available and relatively affordable compared to gamma ray-based imaging systems. X-ray machines are commonly found in hospitals, clinics, and dental offices, making them accessible to a larger number of patients.

Despite their limitations, X-rays remain the primary form of radiation used in medical imaging due to their safety profile, ease of control, image quality, and widespread availability. Gamma rays are primarily used in specialized applications such as nuclear medicine and radiation therapy, where their high penetration and energy are advantageous.