How does radiation cure diseases?

Radiation, when used in a controlled and precise manner, can cure certain diseases, notably cancer. This type of radiation is known as radiation therapy or radiotherapy. Here's how radiation cures diseases:

1. DNA Damage: Radiation therapy damages the DNA of cancer cells. High-energy radiation, such as X-rays or gamma rays, is directed at cancerous tissue. The radiation disrupts the structure of DNA in these rapidly dividing cancer cells, causing errors during cell division and ultimately leading to cell death.

2. Cell Cycle Disruption: Radiation therapy targets cancer cells during different phases of their cell cycle. Some radiation treatments are more effective at certain stages of the cell cycle. By disrupting the cell cycle, radiation prevents cancer cells from multiplying and spreading.

3. Tumor Reduction: As cancer cells die due to radiation damage, the tumor size decreases. Radiation therapy can shrink tumors and alleviate symptoms caused by tumor pressure, such as pain, obstruction, or bleeding.

4. Local Control: Radiation can precisely target cancerous tissue while sparing healthy surrounding tissues. This allows for the localized control of cancer, reducing the risk of tumor recurrence in the treated area.

5. Combination Therapies: Radiation is often used in combination with other treatments like surgery, chemotherapy, and targeted therapies. Combining different treatment modalities can improve the overall efficacy and reduce the risk of resistance.

6. Palliative Care: When curing a disease is not achievable, radiation therapy can offer palliative care, relieving pain, and improving the quality of life for individuals with advanced-stage cancer.

It's important to note that radiation therapy must be carefully planned and administered by qualified radiation oncologists. The exact dosage, timing, and techniques used depend on factors such as the type and stage of cancer, as well as the individual's overall health.