The Effects of UV Rays on the Skin

The Environmental Protection Agency [EPA] describes UV rays as a form of invisible electromagnetic radiation produced by the sun and artificial tanning beds. Ultraviolet, or UV, rays promote vitamin D production in the body, which is important for building immunity and strengthening teeth and bones. However, despite its benefits, overexposure to UV rays can be extremely harmful.

Types

• The most severe effect of overexposure to UV rays is skin cancer. According to the EPA, 20% of Americans will be diagnosed with skin cancer in their lifetime and nearly 9,000 die from it each year. Other skin damage such as premature aging and growths can also occur as a result of improper protection from UV rays.

Identification

• The American Cancer Society (ACS) describes premature aging of the skin as appearing thick, wrinkled, and leathery. Skin changes such as mole growth, dark spots, or a change in skin sensitivity can be indications of skin cancer and should be examined by a dermatologist.

Time Frame

• According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], UV rays from the sun are the most dangerous between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m. daily and reach their peak in North America in late spring and throughout summer. The CDC recommends avoiding direct exposure to the sun during these times.

Prevention

• The ACS recommends avoiding direct exposure to the sun, tanning beds, and sun lamps. Hats, sunglasses, and protective clothing all aid in defending the skin against harmful UV rays and should be used when sun exposure is unavoidable. Applying SPF 15 or higher sunscreen lotion to the skin will help prevent sunburn which can lead to premature skin aging and skin cancer.

Warning

• The CDC warns that it is important for all people to follow protective measures year round. UV rays are present and can cause skin damage even on cloudy or overcast days, and people with dark skin are equally at risk as those with fair skin.