Define Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer, and it is primarily due to the overexposure people get to harmful UV rays. The number of skin cancer cases is growing every year. Of the various skin cancer types, squamous cell carcinoma is neither the most common nor the least treatable, but its symptoms and prevention are still vital to promote good skin health.

Basics

• Squamous cell carcinoma is one of two skin cancers not in the melanoma group, meaning the cancer is not found in moles. Instead, it is located in a fairly shallow layer of the epidermis (skin). Often, due to its cause, the cancer manifests itself in places more often exposed to sunlight, like the face or neck, though it can crop up on any part of the body. It is less common than its other nonmelanoma counterpart, basal cell cancer.

Causes

• The biggest and most common cause for the development of squamous cell carcinoma is exposure to sunlight. Specifically, the UV rays contain radiation that alters the skin cells and causes skin cancer. However, other factors can cause the cancer's development, including chemical exposure, X-rays or arsenic. The cancer is generally more likely to develop in those with blue or green eyes, light blond hair or light skin. Also, the cancer has a greater chance of recurring if it has already surfaced and been treated in the same spot, even if the treatment was 100 percent effective.

Symptoms

• The earliest signs of squamous cell carcinoma are patches of eczema over the affected area. Later, this patch grows into a rough and bumpy sore that does not heal, instead growing bigger. Finally, this sore develops into a cancerous tumor. The cancer can then spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic vessels.

Prevention/Solution

• The primary factor in avoiding the development of squamous cell carcinoma is limiting exposure to harmful sun rays, especially a midday sun from around 11 a.m. to 2 p.m. This can be accomplished by constantly seeking shade, wearing protective clothing like hats, and a good, consistent application of sunscreen of SPF 15 or higher. These measures are even more important for children, since sunburn does particular damage to their chances of avoiding developing squamous cell carcinoma. Finally, make sure to perform frequent self-examinations for the warning signs of the cancer's development.

Treatment

• Luckily, around 95 percent of squamous cell carcinoma cases are treated successfully. Usually, the cancer is caught with a biopsy, whereupon it is usually treated surgically. To get rid of the tumor, a surgeon can use excessive heat, radiation or cold and then scrape the tumor off. In addition, chemotherapy treatments can be used instead of surgery, though this is less effective.