Melanoma and Pregnancy: What to Know
Melanoma and Pregnancy
Melanoma is the most serious type of skin cancer. It can occur at any age, but it is most common in adults between the ages of 20 and 59. Pregnancy can increase the risk of developing melanoma, although the risk is still relatively small.
Why does pregnancy increase the risk of melanoma?
The exact reason why pregnancy increases the risk of melanoma is not fully understood. However, there are a few factors that may play a role:
* Hormonal changes: During pregnancy, the levels of certain hormones, such as estrogen and progesterone, increase. These hormones can stimulate the growth of melanocytes, which are the cells that produce melanin. Melanin is the pigment that gives skin its color, and it also helps to protect the skin from sun damage. However, increased levels of melanin can also make it more difficult to detect melanoma.
* Increased blood flow: Pregnancy also causes an increase in blood flow to the skin. This can make it more difficult for the immune system to detect and destroy melanoma cells.
* Reduced immune function: The immune system is naturally suppressed during pregnancy in order to prevent the body from rejecting the fetus. This reduced immune function can make it more difficult for the body to fight off melanoma cells.
What are the symptoms of melanoma?
The symptoms of melanoma can vary depending on the type of melanoma. However, some common symptoms include:
* A new or changing mole
* A mole that is larger than 6 millimeters (about the size of a pencil eraser)
* A mole that has an irregular shape or border
* A mole that is multicolored
* A mole that is bleeding or oozing
* A mole that is itchy or painful
If you notice any of these symptoms, it is important to see a doctor right away.
How is melanoma treated during pregnancy?
The treatment for melanoma during pregnancy is similar to the treatment for melanoma in non-pregnant women. Treatment options may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy.
The type of treatment that is best for you will depend on the stage of your melanoma, your overall health, and your pregnancy status.
Can melanoma be prevented during pregnancy?
There is no sure way to prevent melanoma, but there are some things you can do to reduce your risk, including:
* Avoid sun exposure: Limit your exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun and tanning beds.
* Use sunscreen: Apply sunscreen to all exposed skin, even on cloudy days.
* Reapply sunscreen: Reapply sunscreen every two hours, or more often if you are swimming or sweating.
* Wear protective clothing: Wear hats, sunglasses, and long-sleeved shirts and pants when you are outdoors.
* Avoid sunburns: Sunburns can damage the skin and increase your risk of developing melanoma.
* Get regular skin exams: See a doctor or dermatologist for a skin exam every year.
If you have any concerns about your risk of melanoma during pregnancy, talk to your doctor.