What to Expect: Melanoma

Melanoma is the most serious type of skin cancer. It develops in the melanocytes, which are the cells that produce melanin. Melanin is the pigment that gives skin its color.

Melanoma can occur anywhere on the body, but it is most common on areas that are exposed to the sun, such as the face, neck, arms, and legs.

Symptoms of melanoma

The early signs of melanoma can be subtle. They may include:

* A new mole or a change in the size, shape, or color of an existing mole

* A mole that has an irregular border, is asymmetrical, or is more than one color

* A mole that is bleeding, crusting, or oozing

* A mole that is itchy or painful

Who is at risk for melanoma

Anyone can get melanoma, but some people are at higher risk than others. These include people who:

* Have fair skin

* Have a lot of moles

* Have a family history of melanoma

* Have had a lot of sun exposure

* Have a weakened immune system

How is melanoma diagnosed

Melanoma is diagnosed by a biopsy. A biopsy is a procedure in which a small sample of tissue is removed from the mole and examined under a microscope.

How is melanoma treated

The treatment for melanoma depends on the stage of the disease. The earlier melanoma is diagnosed and treated, the better the chances of survival.

Treatment options for melanoma may include:

* Surgery to remove the mole and any surrounding tissue

* Radiation therapy

* Chemotherapy

* Immunotherapy

* Targeted therapy

How can I prevent melanoma

There are several things you can do to help prevent melanoma, including:

* Avoid getting sunburned by using sunscreen, wearing protective clothing, and seeking shade.

* Avoid tanning beds.

* Examine your skin regularly for any new or changing moles.

* See a doctor if you have any concerns about a mole.