What affects eczema?

Eczema, also known as atopic dermatitis, is a chronic skin condition that causes dry, itchy, and inflamed skin. It can affect people of all ages, but it is most common in children. While the exact cause of eczema is unknown, several factors can contribute to its development and flare-ups, including:

Genetics: Eczema is thought to have a genetic component, and it often runs in families. People with a family history of eczema, asthma, or hay fever are more likely to develop the condition.

Immune System: Eczema is associated with an overactive immune system. When the immune system comes into contact with certain triggers (allergens), it produces antibodies called immunoglobulins (IgE) which bind to cells called mast cells. These mast cells then release inflammatory chemicals, such as histamine, which lead to the symptoms of eczema.

Environmental Triggers: Certain environmental factors can trigger or worsen eczema, such as:

Dust mites: These microscopic creatures are found in dust and can cause allergic reactions.

Pollen: Pollen from trees, grasses, and weeds can trigger eczema in people with pollen allergies.

Pet dander: The skin flakes and saliva of pets can cause allergic reactions in some people with eczema.

Mold: Mold spores can trigger eczema in some people, especially those with mold allergies.

Food allergies: Certain foods, such as milk, eggs, wheat, soy, and nuts, can trigger eczema in some people.

Irritants: Substances that can irritate the skin and worsen eczema include soaps, detergents, perfumes, and certain fabrics (like wool).

Dry skin: Dry skin can make eczema worse, as it allows irritants and allergens to penetrate the skin more easily.

Stress: Stress can worsen eczema symptoms in some people.

Hormonal changes: Eczema can be triggered or worsened by hormonal changes, such as those that occur during pregnancy or menopause.

These are just some of the common factors that can contribute to eczema. It is important to work with a healthcare provider to identify your triggers and develop a management plan to reduce flare-ups and improve skin health.