What two factors cause epidermal cells to die?

Epidermal cells can die due to various factors, including:

1. Lack of Nutrients: When epidermal cells do not receive adequate nutrients from the underlying dermal layers, they undergo cell death. This is commonly observed in conditions such as malnutrition or aging, where the supply of nutrients to the skin is compromised.

2. Ultraviolet (UV) Radiation from Sunlight: Excessive exposure to UV radiation from sunlight can cause damage to epidermal cells, leading to cell death. UV radiation induces the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which cause oxidative stress and damage various cellular components. Prolonged UV exposure is associated with sunburn, skin aging, and an increased risk of skin cancer, all involving the death of epidermal cells.