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Merkel Cell Carcinoma

Merkel cell carcinoma, also called neuroendocrine carcinoma, is a very rare form of skin cancer. It normally forms on, or just under, the skin. The Merkel cells are hormone-making cells, and this cancer forms when those cells grow uncontrollably.

  1. Where it Starts

    • Merkel cell carcinoma normally starts on a part of the body that is exposed to the sun, such as arms, legs, head and neck. Typically, it begins as a single, painless lump.

    Growth

    • This cancer grows very quickly and spreads early in its development. Usually, a single lump metastasizes to lymph nodes and then moves to other parts of the body, such as bone, lungs, liver and brain.

    Risk Factors

    • Risk factors for this form of skin cancer include a history of skin cancer, being male, being past age 70 years, being Caucasian, a weakened immune system and heavy exposure to sunlight.

    Tests

    • A physical examination for unusual lumps or bumps and a biopsy are the best methods to test for Merkel cell carcinoma. Cells removed by biopsy are treated and examined with an electron microscope.

    Prognosis

    • The prognosis for a patient with this skin cancer depends on the stage of the cancer, where it is located, and the patient's age and health.

    Treatment

    • Treatment for Merkel cell carcinoma usually includes lymph node removal, surgery, radiation and chemotherapy.

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