Description of Malignant Melanoma

Malignant melanoma is a potentially deadly form of skin cancer. It is important to treat malignant melanoma as early as possible to prevent its spread beyond the top levels of skin. Treated early and effectively, it is possible to survive this form of skin cancer.

Basics

• According to the American Academy of Dermatology, malignant melanoma forms on the skin. If it is not treated and excised promptly, it can spread to the blood and lymphatic systems of the body, which enables it to metastasize to other areas. Though a definite cause is not known, it is believed that it could be caused by severe sunburns, tanning bed exposure and heredity.

Risk Factors

• The American Academy of Dermatology states that anyone can develop malignant melanoma. However, certain factors put some people in a higher risk category for developing this type of skin cancer. If you have fair skin that burns easily, have more than 50 moles (including atypical moles) or a family history of malignant melanoma, you are at a higher risk.

Recognition

• Check your body regularly, using the ABCDE system. This stands for asymmetry, where both halves are not uniform; border that is irregular or uneven; color that is not consistent throughout the mole; diameter that is larger than a pencil eraser; and evolution, where the mole changes over time. If any of these characteristics are seen, consult a dermatologist.

Treatment

• If malignant melanoma is suspected, the dermatologist will remove the mole. After careful examination of the mole under the microscope, the doctor will be able to determine if all cancerous cells have been removed. If the margins are cancer free, treatment is complete, though regular skin checks will be needed in the future. If the margins are not clear, the doctor will remove more of the surrounding skin until the margins are clear. If the cancer has spread to the blood or lymphatic system, more traditional cancer treatment may be needed, including radiological exams, chemotherapy and radiation.

Prevention

• The best way to prevent all skin cancers is to avoid excessive exposure to the sun and ultraviolet light. Always wear sunscreen when in the sun, and reapply regularly. Wide-brimmed hats and clothing that covers sensitive skin should be worn. Do not use tanning beds. Schedule an appointment with a dermatologist each year for a thorough skin examination to check for suspicious lesions. If you are in a higher risk category, more frequent skin checks may be necessary.