What is meant by the true stomach?

The true stomach, also known as the glandular stomach, refers to the section of the stomach where the majority of the digestive functions occur. It constitutes the largest portion of the stomach and is responsible for secreting digestive enzymes and gastric juices necessary for breaking down food.

Key characteristics of the true stomach include:

Gastric Glands: The true stomach contains numerous gastric glands that produce and secrete digestive enzymes such as pepsin, gastric lipase, and hydrochloric acid.

Parietal Cells: Parietal cells within the gastric glands secrete hydrochloric acid, which creates an acidic environment in the stomach. This acidic environment is essential for activating pepsin and killing potentially harmful microorganisms in the food.

Chief Cells: Chief cells in the gastric glands produce pepsinogen, which is converted into its active form, pepsin, in the acidic environment of the stomach. Pepsin is a protease that begins the digestion of proteins.

Mucous Cells: Mucous cells in the gastric glands secrete mucus that helps protect the stomach lining from the acidic environment and provides lubrication for food movement.

Rugs and Folds: The inner surface of the true stomach has numerous folds called rugae and ridges. These folds increase the surface area of the stomach, allowing for better mixing and absorption of nutrients.

Muscular Contractions: The true stomach undergoes muscular contractions known as peristalsis. These rhythmic contractions mix the food with the digestive enzymes and gradually move it towards the small intestine for further digestion.

Overall, the true stomach plays a crucial role in the digestion of food by producing digestive enzymes and gastric juices, breaking down proteins, and creating an acidic environment necessary for optimal digestion.