What does articular mean in medical terms?

In medical terms, "articular" pertains to joints or the structures associated with them. It refers to anything related to the articulation or the process of bringing bones together to form a movable or immovable joint. Here are some specific meanings of articular in medical contexts:

1. Articular Cartilage: The smooth, glossy hyaline cartilage that covers the bone ends within synovial joints. It provides a low-friction surface for movement and helps absorb shock.

2. Articular Facet: A smooth and congruent surface on a bone that articulates with another bone to form a joint. These facets are often seen at the ends of long bones, such as in the knee or elbow joints.

3. Articular Capsule: A fibrous sac that encloses the joint space of synovial joints. It provides structural support and helps maintain joint stability.

4. Articular Fluid (Synovial Fluid): A viscous fluid that fills the articular cavity of synovial joints. It provides lubrication and nourishment to the articular cartilage and reduces wear and tear.

5. Articular Surface: The portion of a bone that is in contact with another bone at a joint. Articular surfaces are usually smooth, rounded, or concave to allow for smooth and congruent movement.

6. Articular Disc or Meniscus: A fibrocartilage structure present in some joints (such as the knee) that acts as a cushion and shock absorber between bones.

7. Articular Processes: Bony projections or processes on vertebrae that are involved in the formation of spinal joints (facet joints).

8. Articular Rheumatic Conditions: A group of conditions that cause inflammation and damage to joints, including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and gout.

The term articular is commonly used in anatomy, orthopedics, rheumatology, and related medical specialties when discussing joint structure, function, or diseases affecting joints.