What are the main reasons of emphysema?

1. Smoking

Smoking is by far the leading cause of emphysema. The chemicals in cigarette smoke damage the air sacs in the lungs, causing them to lose their elasticity and become enlarged. This can lead to shortness of breath, wheezing, and coughing.

2. Air pollution

Air pollution, including exposure to secondhand smoke, can also contribute to the development of emphysema. The pollutants in air pollution can damage the lungs in much the same way that cigarette smoke does.

3. Occupational exposure

Exposure to certain chemicals and dusts in the workplace can also increase the risk of emphysema. These substances include:

* Coal dust

* Silica dust

* Asbestos

* Cotton dust

* Isocyanates

4. Genetic factors

Some people may be more likely to develop emphysema due to their genes. This is especially true for people who have a family history of the condition.

5. Other risk factors

Other factors that can increase the risk of emphysema include:

* Age (emphysema is more common in older adults)

* Chronic bronchitis

* Asthma

* Obesity