Medication for ADD Vs. ADHD

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a condition described in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Symptoms of ADHD interfere with school and work performance. Signs are usually first identified in childhood prior to the age of seven.There are different types of ADHD including the hyperactive-impulsive type, the inattentive type and the combined type. At times, people label the inattentive type of ADHD as ADD. Technically, ADD is not an official diagnosis. Approach to treatment with medication may be dependent on the symptom profile and type of ADHD that is diagnosed in a patient.

ADHD, Inattentive Type

• The inattentive type of ADHD (sometimes called ADD) is manifested by carelessness, messy work, lack of attention to detail and failure to complete tasks. Avoidance of work is present due to difficulties following through on tasks that require sustained effort and concentration. A person with this type of ADHD may move from project to project without ever being able to complete something.

ADHD, Hyperactive-Impulsive Type

• The hyperactive-impulsive type of ADHD is manifested by frequent fidgeting, inability to remain seated, feeling restless as if "driven by a motor," excessive talking and/or body movement. Impulsive symptoms manifest as impatience, blurting out things, interrupting conversations, grabbing objects and clowning around. A person with this type of ADHD may put themselves or others in dangerous situations due to the failure to plan ahead.

Medications

• Medications prescribed for the inattentive type of ADHD include stimulant medication, such as methylphenidate, to improve attention. Some antidepressants, such as sertaline or fluoxetine, can help improve concentration and are an option, especially for children whose parents might feel uncomfortable with the stimulant medication. Medications that can be effective for the hyperactive-impulsive type of ADHD are called central alpha-agonists. These agents, such as clonidine or guanfacine, are particularly helpful in calming the anxiety that can fuel impulsive and hyperactive behavior.

ADHD, Combined Type

• The combined type of ADHD is diagnosed when symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity are all present. Medications that are beneficial for this type of ADHD include stimulants, certain types of antidpressants and central alpha-agonists. A combination of medications may be necessary to resolve the array of symptoms characteristic of this condition.

Other Treatments

• Treating ADHD and ADD with counseling can be beneficial; however, medication is the most effective treatment method available. School professionals can help establish behavioral plans and individualized education programs that can assist children with ADHD in improving behavior and school performance. A combination of medication, therapy and behavioral plans will enhance the success of people who have ADHD.