What are the conditions of germation?

The conditions necessary for germination to occur are the following:

1. Sufficient water: Water is essential for germination as it activates the enzymes that break down the seed's stored food reserves and allows the embryo to grow. The water content of the seed must be at least 10% for the germination process to start.

2. Oxygen: Oxygen is required for the metabolic activities of the germinating seed, including the breakdown of stored food reserves and the synthesis of new plant structures.

3. Temperature: The temperature must be within the optimal range for germination. This range varies depending on the plant species, but most plants have an optimum germination temperature between 18 and 25 degrees Celsius (65-77 °F).

4. Light: Some seeds require light to germinate, while others are inhibited by it. Light-dependent seeds typically have dark-coloured or thick seed coats that block out light. When exposed to light, these seeds produce a hormone that triggers the germination process.

5. Nutrients: The seed must contain the necessary nutrients to support the growth of the germinating seedling. These nutrients include carbohydrates, proteins, fats, minerals, and vitamins.

6. Growth Medium: The growth medium must provide the germinating seed with support, moisture, and nutrients. Common growth media include potting soil, peat moss, and vermiculite.

7. Seed Viability: The seed must be viable, which means it has the potential to grow into a new plant. Seeds that are old or have been damaged may not be viable and will not germinate.