What are examples of systemic effects?

Systemic effects are the effects of a substance or process on the entire body, rather than on a specific organ or tissue. Some examples of systemic effects include:

* Changes in blood pressure: Some substances, such as caffeine and nicotine, can cause blood pressure to rise. Others, such as alcohol and certain medications, can cause blood pressure to drop.

* Changes in heart rate: Some substances, such as cocaine and amphetamines, can cause heart rate to increase. Others, such as beta-blockers and calcium channel blockers, can cause heart rate to decrease.

* Changes in body temperature: Some substances, such as aspirin and acetaminophen, can cause body temperature to rise. Others, such as alcohol and hypothermia, can cause body temperature to drop.

* Changes in breathing rate: Some substances, such as opioids and benzodiazepines, can cause breathing rate to slow down. Others, such as caffeine and nicotine, can cause breathing rate to increase.

* Changes in consciousness: Some substances, such as alcohol and general anesthesia, can cause unconsciousness. Others, such as stimulants and hallucinogens, can cause changes in consciousness that are not as severe.

* Changes in mood: Some substances, such as antidepressants and mood stabilizers, can improve mood. Others, such as alcohol and stress, can worsen mood.

* Changes in appetite: Some substances, such as marijuana and corticosteroids, can increase appetite. Others, such as diet pills and amphetamines, can decrease appetite.

* Changes in sleep patterns: Some substances, such as caffeine and nicotine, can make it difficult to fall asleep. Others, such as alcohol and sedatives, can help people fall asleep more easily.