What is the etiology of ADHD?

Genetic factors

- Play a significant role in the development of ADHD. Heritability estimates range from 75% to 95%.

- ADHD tends to run in families, and there is a higher risk of developing ADHD if a close family member (parent, sibling, or child) has the condition.

Neurological factors:

- Studies have shown that people with ADHD have differences in the structure and function of certain areas of the brain, particularly in the frontal lobe and the areas responsible for attention and impulse control.

- These differences may be due to genetic factors or other factors that affect brain development, such as prenatal exposure to toxins or trauma.

Environmental factors:

- Certain environmental factors have also been linked to an increased risk of ADHD. These include:

- Prenatal exposure to alcohol, tobacco, or other toxins

- Premature birth or low birth weight

- Exposure to lead or other environmental pollutants

- Traumatic brain injury

- Childhood abuse or neglect

- Parenting practices that are inconsistent, harsh, or neglectful

It's important to note that ADHD is a complex disorder that is likely caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors.