What is the first step to take if someone having a severe allergic reaction?

The first step to take if someone is having a severe allergic reaction (anaphylaxis) is to promptly administer epinephrine (adrenaline) auto-injector, also called an EpiPen. It is a prefilled syringe that delivers a single dose of epinephrine, a hormone that can quickly counteract and reduce the severe symptoms of anaphylaxis, such as airway constriction, hypotension, and bronchoconstriction. Take the following steps:

1. Recognize and Assess:

Identify if the person is experiencing symptoms of anaphylaxis, which may include difficulty breathing, swelling of the face or throat, hives, confusion, dizziness, nausea, or loss of consciousness.

2. Call for Emergency Help:

Immediately dial emergency services (911 or your local emergency number) and provide details of the situation, even if the person has been given epinephrine.

3. Administer Epinephrine:

If the person has an auto-injector (e.g., EpiPen), assist them if needed, or administer it yourself if they are unable.

- Remove the EpiPen from its carrier, hold it in your dominant hand, and remove the cap.

- Place the orange end of the auto-injector firmly against the person's outer thigh (over clothing is okay) and press down until it clicks. Keep it pressed for a few seconds.

- The EpiPen will automatically inject the dose. Discard the device safely.

4. Lay Down and Elevate Legs:

Help the person lie down with their legs elevated to assist blood flow to their vital organs. Ensure their airway is clear and they are comfortable.

5. Stay with the Person:

Stay with the person until medical help arrives. Monitoring their condition, and watch for any changes or worsening of symptoms.

6. Administer a second Dose if Needed:

Depending on the person's response, a second dose of epinephrine may be needed after 5-15 minutes. It's important to wait for the healthcare professional's guidance on subsequent doses.

7. Follow Up with Medical Care:

Even after the initial response with epinephrine, it's crucial to follow up with medical care as soon as possible for further assessment, monitoring, and treatment. Anaphylaxis can be life-threatening, and medical supervision is necessary.

Remember, prompt recognition and treatment of anaphylaxis are essential. Always seek professional medical help in such situations, even if the person has received epinephrine.