What is lactose intolerance and it the same as a milk allergy?
Lactose intolerance and milk allergy are two different conditions that can cause similar symptoms, such as abdominal pain, bloating, and diarrhea. However, they are caused by different things and require different treatments.
Lactose intolerance is a condition in which the body is unable to properly digest the sugar (lactose) in milk and other dairy products. Lactose intolerance is caused by a deficiency of the enzyme lactase, which is responsible for breaking down lactose into glucose and galactose, two sugars that can be absorbed by the body. When lactose is not properly digested, it can cause a variety of symptoms, including:
- Abdominal pain
- Bloating
- Diarrhea
- Gas
- Nausea
- Vomiting
Milk allergy is a condition in which the body's immune system overreacts to the proteins in milk. Milk allergy can be caused by an allergy to any of the proteins in milk, but the most common allergen is casein. Milk allergy can cause a variety of symptoms, including:
- Hives
- Swelling
- Difficulty breathing
- Anaphylaxis
Lactose intolerance is a common condition, affecting about 1 in 5 people worldwide. Milk allergy is less common, affecting about 2-3% of children and 1% of adults. Both lactose intolerance and milk allergy can be managed by avoiding the foods that trigger symptoms.
Differences between lactose intolerance and milk allergy
- Cause: Lactose intolerance is caused by a deficiency of the enzyme lactase, while milk allergy is caused by an overreaction of the body's immune system to the proteins in milk.
- Symptoms: Lactose intolerance typically causes gastrointestinal symptoms, such as abdominal pain, bloating, and diarrhea, while milk allergy can cause a variety of symptoms, including hives, swelling, difficulty breathing, and anaphylaxis.
- Treatment: Lactose intolerance can be managed by avoiding or limiting the intake of lactose-containing foods, while milk allergy can be managed by avoiding all dairy products.
If you think you may be lactose intolerant or have a milk allergy, it's important to see a doctor for a diagnosis.