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The Definition of Anaphylactic Shock

Anaphylactic shock is the sudden, whole-body allergic reaction to a substance that causes the airways tighten and may lead to other symptoms. Anaphylactic shock is a life-threatening condition and a medical emergency that may result in cardiac or respiratory arrest if untreated.

  1. Definition

    • Also known as anaphylaxis, anaphylactic shock occurs when the body releases histamine when it comes in contact with an allergen, causing the airways to become blocked. Usually, the body has encountered the allergen once before, but the body does not develop the allergic reaction to it until the next exposure.

    Causes

    • The most common allergens that cause anaphylactic shock include insect bites and stings; foods such as shellfish, peanuts and dairy products; and drugs, such as penicillin. Less common allergens include latex and general anesthesia.

    Signs and Symptoms

    • Symptoms of anaphylaxis appear immediately after exposure and may include hives, wheezing and difficulty breathing, dizziness, confusion, nausea and vomiting. Signs of anaphylaxis include abnormal heart beat, lowered blood pressure, a fast or weak pulse, bluish tint to the skin or a pale and clammy feeling.

    Treatment

    • Call 911 right away when symptoms first appear. If a person carries an EpiPen (epinephrine), inject it in the thigh muscle, so the person's airway opens. Use CPR if necessary. Intravenous antihistamine and beta-agonists may be needed after life-saving measures have been applied.

    Prevention/Solution

    • Avoid known allergens, and carry emergency kits and epinephrine in case symptoms do appear.

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