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What to Take for Allergies

Allergies are an abnormal immune system response to substances that don't cause most people any harm. When someone with an allergy is exposed to an allergen, the immune system begins producing antibodies that trigger the body's histamine response. This can lead to allergy symptoms such as sneezing, runny nose, and itchy or watery eyes. Allergies can be treated with over the counter drugs, prescription drugs or emergency drugs, based on the type of allergy and the symptoms that are being experienced.

  1. Over the Counter Drugs

    • Over the counter drugs are those that can be purchased without a prescription. According to Dr. Alan Greene, a clinical professor of pediatrics at Stanford University School of Medicine, allergies can be treated with over the counter drugs such as antihistamines and decongestants. Antihistamines block the histamine response when someone with an allergy is exposed to a substance that causes an allergic reaction. This can prevent or reduce allergy symptoms such as sneezing, runny nose, watery eyes and difficulty breathing. One of the most common over the counter antihistamines is Benadryl. The American Academy of Family Physicians lists Dimetapp Cold & Allergy Elixir, Robitussin Allergy & Cough Liquid, Vicks NyQuil and Claritin as other examples of antihistamines available without a prescription.

      Decongestants can help to reduce the stuffy nose associated with some allergies. These drugs work by constricting the blood vessels to reduce swelling. Decongestants may be taken orally or in the form of a nasal spray. According to the American Academy of Family Physicians, pseudoephedrine and phenylephrine are the only decongestants available in pill form. Pseudoephedrine is found in brands such as Sudafed and Contact Non-Drowsy. Phenylephrine is found in Sudafed PE. In the United States, you may have to ask a pharmacist for drugs containing pseudoephedrine. However, it is still considered over the counter because a prescription is not necessary.

    Prescription Drugs

    • Prescription drugs may be needed to treat more severe allergy symptoms. Corticosteroids treat the itching and swelling caused by allergies. According to Dr. Greene, the most common form of this medication is a nasal spray. Brand names available by prescription include Flonase, Nasonex, Rhinocort and Nasalide. Liquid or inhaled corticosteroids may also be used in treating asthma.

    Emergency Drugs

    • Some allergic reactions can cause very serious symptoms including hives, itching and swelling of the face and throat. These reactions can be life-threatening, so an emergency drug must be used to quickly treat the symptoms. According to Dr. Greene, epinephrine can be used to constrict the blood vessels in the skin, which will help the heart rate and blood pressure return to their normal levels. People with known allergies may need to carry an EpiPen, which is a shot of epinephrine that can be given as soon as a severe allergic reaction to food, medication, or a sting or bite develops.

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