|  | Conditions Treatments | Allergies

Hay Fever Treatments

Hay fever is characterized by itchy and watery eyes, nasal congestion, sneezing and coughing. Hay fever is caused by an allergy to pollen, dusts or molds. In 2007, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reported that up to 8 percent of adults and 10 percent of children had hay fever in the United States. Summer through fall is the most common time for hay fever symptoms, but individuals may have symptoms throughout the year. Treatments for hay fever include over-the-counter medications, prescription drugs and prevention techniques.

  1. Antihistamines and Decongestants

    • Most antihistamines and decongestants may be purchased without a prescription. Both drugs have anti-inflammatory properties and may be taken orally or as a nasal spray. The medications usually work quickly to relieve inflamed nasal passages. Some antihistamines may cause drowsiness, and decongestants may cause nervousness. Doctors don't recommend decongestant use for long periods because that can cause symptoms to worsen when the medication is stopped.

    Corticosteroids

    • For moderate to severe hay fever, corticosteroids may be prescribed. Corticosteroids have anti-inflammatory properties and are effective in treating a wide range of allergy symptoms. They are usually administered as nasal sprays. In severe cases that don't respond to other treatments, oral corticosteroids may be prescribed, but these carry risks, including increased blood pressure, weight fluctuations and skin changes. Long-term usage has been linked to osteoporosis, muscle weakness and cataracts. Those with weakened immune systems have an increased risk of infection because corticosteroids depress the immune system. The nasal spray, however, does not carry the same risks and is generally considered safe for long-term use.

    Leukotriene Blockers

    • Leukotriene blockers are commonly used for asthma but may be prescribed for hay fever or other allergies. Leukotriene treatment may be used in lieu of corticosteroids, but, like corticosteroids, leukotriene treatment suppresses the immune system. Side effects may include headaches, upset stomach and dizziness.

    Allergy Shots

    • Allergy shots are a form of immunotherapy. Immunotherapy decreases a person's sensitivity to allergens such as pollen and dust. This is done by introducing small amounts of the allergen over a series of months or years, allowing the body's immune system to become tolerant to the substance. Successful use of allergy shots may reduce or eliminate the need for other allergy medications.

    Prevention

    • Sometimes, the best treatment for hay fever symptoms is avoiding allergens. Staying indoors in the early morning during peak allergy season, avoiding freshly cut grass and staying inside on windy days may help prevent hay fever symptoms. Hay fever sufferers can also find out the pollen forecast for their area. (See Resources.)

Allergies - Related Articles