How does altitude effect the lungs?

Hypoxia

The primary effect of altitude on the lungs is hypoxia, which is a deficiency of oxygen. As the altitude increases, the air becomes thinner and the partial pressure of oxygen (PO2) decreases. This means that there is less oxygen available for the lungs to take in.

Hyperventilation

In response to hypoxia, the body increases its respiratory rate and depth. This is known as hyperventilation. Hyperventilation helps to increase the amount of oxygen that is taken in by the lungs, but it can also lead to respiratory alkalosis, which is a condition in which the pH of the blood becomes too alkaline.

Pulmonary edema

At high altitudes, the lungs can become fluid-filled, a condition known as pulmonary edema. This is because the high altitude causes the capillaries in the lungs to become leaky, allowing fluid to leak out into the air sacs. Pulmonary edema can be a serious condition and can lead to death if not treated promptly.

Chronic mountain sickness

People who live at high altitudes for long periods of time can develop chronic mountain sickness (CMS). CMS is a condition that is characterized by a number of symptoms, including shortness of breath, fatigue, headache, and nausea. CMS can be a debilitating condition and can make it difficult to live at high altitudes.

Altitude adaptation

Over time, the body can adapt to the effects of altitude. This process is known as altitude adaptation. Altitude adaptation occurs when the body makes a number of changes, including increasing the number of red blood cells, which carry oxygen.

Altitude adaptation can take several weeks or months, and the degree of adaptation varies from person to person. Some people are able to adapt to high altitudes without any problems, while others may experience significant symptoms.