Pathology of Alzheimer's Disease

Alzheimer's disease does not have a cure, and its exact cause is unknown, Scientists have found clues, however, that may help them find a cure in the future. The disease's pathology may shed light on this medical mystery.

Heredity

• Heredity accounts for only 5 to 10 percent of Alzheimer's cases, according to the Internet Pathology Laboratory. Hereditary cases tend to affect patients in their 30s or 40s, while most cases of the disease don't strike until later in life.

Genetics of Early-Onset

• About half of early-onset Alzheimer's cases are linked to a mutation on chromosome 14, according to the Pathology Laboratory. Genetic mutations in early-onset patients have also been found on chromosomes 1, 12, 19 and 21.

Genetics of Late-Onset

• A genetic locus on chromosome 19 that creates a cholesterol transporter has been found in 40 percent of Alzheimer's cases that started after age 60. A locus on chromosome 12 that creates a similar chemical has been found in 30 percent of such cases.

Autopsy

• The brain can be checked for Alzheimer's disease's characteristic cerebral atrophy during autopsy.

Later Stages

• Alzheimer's disease leads to a loss of higher brain functions over 5 to 7 years, according to the Pathology Laboratory.