Symptoms of a Popliteal Artery Aneurysm

A popliteal artery aneurysm (PAA), the most common of peripheral aneurysms, is a dilation of the artery that runs behind the knee. Since patients with PAA are at risk of limb amputation if left untreated, it is important to know the symptoms of this condition and the treatments that are available.

Occurrence

• Popliteal artery aneurysms are most often found in patients in their 60s and 70s. In more than 50% of cases, these aneurysms occur bilaterally. Twenty percent to 40% percent of the cases correspond with an abdominal aortic aneurysm.

Causes

• The cause for popiteal artery aneurysms remains unknown. Recent research suggests that genetic defects and inflammation may increase PAA risk.

Symptoms

• Two-thirds of patients present with symptoms, which include: ischemia (poor circulation) in the legs; compression of nerves, veins and connective tissue in the legs; deep vein thrombosis; and edema.

Tests

• An examination by a physician can diagnose a PAA, which is confirmed by an ultrasound. An ultrasound will also determine the size of the aneurysm and whether a clot is present.

Treatment

• Surgery is often required for treatment. An incision is made in the leg, the aneurysm removed, and a vein is used to reconnect the artery. In some cases, stents are required to reconnect the artery.

Complications

• If untreated, PAAs may have complications. If a clot is present, the lower leg can lose blood flow, leading to ischemia and gangrene. Thrombosis is seen in 55% of cases, and embolisms are seen in 7% to 25% of patients. Treatment is critical, as leg amputation may be necessary in the cases of severe ischemia, thrombosis and embolism.