What are the causes for small poxes?

Smallpox is a highly contagious infectious disease caused by the variola virus. The virus is transmitted through direct contact with an infected person or through contact with contaminated objects. The disease is characterized by a rash that starts on the face and then spreads to the rest of the body. Smallpox was once a common disease, but it was eradicated through a global vaccination program. The last case of smallpox was reported in 1977.

Causes

The variola virus is the only virus that causes smallpox. The virus is very contagious and can be spread through the following means:

* Direct contact: The virus can spread through contact with an infected person's respiratory droplets, saliva, or skin lesions.

* Contact with contaminated objects: The virus can survive on objects, such as clothing, bedding, and medical supplies, for several days. People can become infected if they touch these objects and then touch their face or eyes.

* Aerosolization: In rare cases, the virus can become aerosolized, meaning that it can travel through the air over long distances. This can occur in hospitals or other settings where there are a lot of infected people.

Symptoms

The symptoms of smallpox usually appear 10-14 days after exposure to the virus. The first symptoms include:

* Fever

* Headache

* Muscle aches

* Backache

* Fatigue

* Loss of appetite

After a few days, a rash appears on the face and then spreads to the rest of the body. The rash starts as small, red bumps that quickly turn into blisters. The blisters eventually burst and leave behind scabs.

Treatment

There is no specific treatment for smallpox. Treatment is supportive and includes:

* Rest

* Fluids

* Pain relievers

* Antibiotics to treat any secondary infections

Prevention

The best way to prevent smallpox is to get vaccinated. The smallpox vaccine is safe and effective, and it provides lifelong immunity. The vaccine is no longer required in the United States, but it is still recommended for people who are at high risk of exposure to the virus, such as laboratory workers and healthcare professionals.

Smallpox is a dangerous disease, but it can be prevented through vaccination. If you have any questions about smallpox, talk to your doctor.