What is joint ill?

Joint ill:

- Definition: Also called infectious arthritis or polyarthritis. Bacterial infection of one or more joints in young animals, with resultant lameness.

- Etiology:

- Most commonly caused by bacteria, including:

- Trueperella pyogenes (formerly Actinobacillus pyogenes)

- Streptococcus spp.

- E. coli

- Fusobacterium necrophorum

- Salmonella dublin

- Risk Factors:

- Age: Most often seen in young animals (less than 6 months of age)

- Environmental stressors:

- Castration

- Dehorning

- Weaning

- Introduction of new animals

- Iatrogenic:

- Unsanitary conditions

- Poor injection techniques

- Clinical signs:

- Local signs:

- Lameness

- Heat

- Swelling

- Pain on manipulation of the affected joint

- Systemic signs:

- Fever

- Lethargy

- Anorexia

- Depression

- Diagnosis:

- History and clinical signs: Joint ill should be suspected in young animals with lameness and joint swelling.

- Joint fluid analysis: Joint fluid analysis can be used to confirm the diagnosis of joint ill. The joint fluid will typically be cloudy or purulent, and it will contain increased numbers of white blood cells and bacteria.

- Treatment:

- Antibiotics: Antibiotics are the mainstay of treatment for joint ill. The antibiotic of choice will depend on the bacteria that is causing the infection.

- Anti-inflammatories: Anti-inflammatory drugs can be used to reduce pain and swelling in the affected joint.

- Supportive care: Supportive care may include:

- Rest

- Cold compresses

- Fluid therapy

- Nutritional support

- Prevention:

- Good hygiene: Good hygiene is essential for preventing joint ill. This includes:

- Keeping the environment clean and dry

- Disinfection of equipment and facilities

- Using sterile techniques for injections

- Vaccinating animals against common causes of joint ill