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What Are the Causes of Low O2 Sats in Asthma?

Low Sa02 sats, or low oxygen saturations, in asthma patients are due to a process by which inflamed and constricted airways prevent adequate perfusion (oxygenation) of the bloodstream.

  1. Understanding Asthma

    • Asthma is a condition in which the air pipes, or bronchi, suddenly begin to narrow as a result of inflammation. Smooth muscle tissue inside the bronchi contract during what is termed brochoconstriction, leading to breathing irregularities.

    The Asthma Attack

    • During an asthma attack, the narrowing of the airways leads to increased breathing exertion in an attempt to force air in and out of the lungs.

    Development of Hypoventilation

    • The struggle to breathe, which is characterized in asthmatics by chest tightness, coughing and wheezing, can lead to a condition of “underbreathing” or respiratory depression known as hypoventilation.

    Inadequate Gas Exchange

    • Poor ventilation causes increased carbon dioxide retention and decreased oxygen saturation, as the lungs are incapable of performing properly.

    Measurement and Terminology

    • Sa02 stands for arterial oxygen saturation. This measurement is captured by a pulse oximeter (probe on the finger), which will indicate lower oxygen levels in these asthma patients.

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