How does an endoscopic back surgery work?
Endoscopic back surgery, also known as minimally-invasive spine surgery, is a type of surgical procedure that uses a small camera (endoscope) and specialized instruments to perform spinal procedures through small incisions in the back. Here's a general overview of how endoscopic back surgery works:
1. Pre-operative Preparation:
- The surgical team reviews the patient's medical history, current symptoms, and diagnostic imaging to determine the best surgical approach.
- The patient undergoes a thorough pre-operative assessment, which may include blood tests, imaging studies, and physical examinations.
- The patient is provided with anesthesia, typically general anesthesia, to ensure comfort and pain management during the surgery.
2. Incisions:
- Small incisions, typically less than an inch in length, are made in the back or neck, depending on the location of the spinal condition.
3. Insertion of Endoscope:
- A thin, flexible tube called an endoscope is inserted through the incision and guided into the surgical area. The endoscope contains a high-definition camera that provides a clear, magnified view of the spine and surrounding structures.
4. Visualization and Diagnosis:
- The surgeon uses the endoscope to visualize the affected spinal structures, such as discs, nerves, vertebrae, and surrounding tissue.
- Diagnostic procedures, such as biopsies, can be performed using the endoscope to gather additional information about the condition.
5. Surgical Correction:
- Depending on the specific condition, the surgeon may use various endoscopic instruments to perform the surgical correction. These instruments allow the surgeon to access and manipulate the affected area with precision.
- Common endoscopic spine procedures include:
- Discectomy: Removal of herniated or damaged disc material.
- Decompression: Widening of the spinal canal to relieve pressure on nerves.
- Vertebroplasty: Injection of bone cement to stabilize fractured vertebrae.
- Foraminoplasty: Enlargement of the foramina (openings through which nerves exit the spine) to relieve nerve compression.
6. Closure of Incisions:
- Once the surgical correction is complete, the endoscope is removed, and the incisions are carefully closed with sutures or surgical glue.
7. Post-operative Care:
- After the surgery, the patient is monitored closely in a recovery room.
- Pain management is provided to control discomfort.
- Physical therapy may be recommended to help the patient regain mobility and strength in the affected area.
Endoscopic back surgery offers several advantages over traditional open surgery, including minimal tissue disruption, reduced blood loss, less scarring, shorter hospital stays, and potentially faster recovery times. However, it's important to note that the specific techniques and outcomes of endoscopic back surgery can vary depending on the individual patient and the complexity of their condition.