Spondylolisthesis Description

The lower vertebra of the human spine can slip from beneath the rest of the spine resulting in an often-painful condition called spondylolisthesis. Back pain can indicate a serious problem and should be thoroughly discussed with an orthopedic doctor. This article is not meant to replace a doctor's advice and should be used for informational purposes only.

Descriptions

• According to the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, vertebrae have a small notch-like bone connecting together to create the complete spine. A condition called spondylolysis is a fracture of this pars portion of the vertebra and often weakens the spine resulting in spondylolisthesis. Spondylolisthesis occurs when a lower part of the spine is too weak to maintain its proper position and slips forward. It usually affects the fifth lumbar vertebra and less commonly the fourth.

Causes

• In adults, degenerative diseases like arthritis cause spondylolisthesis. In children, usually a birth defect in lower spine called a pars defect can result in vertebra slippage. Stress fractures or traumatic fractures of the spine also lead to spondylolisthesis. This is fairly common in adolescent athletes who overuse the spine in activities like gymnastics, football or weight lifting.

Symptoms

• A person with spondylolisthesis may have no symptoms; however, pain, muscle tightness and stiffness are common. The condition may cause nerve damage, causing the person to feel a numbing sensation down the legs. Athletes experience muscle spasms from spondylolisthesis that can result in tight hamstrings. Also, the condition can cause a reduced ability to control bowel or bladder functions.

Diagnosis

• Medical doctors examine x-rays, which may show fractures of the spine or out-of-place vertebrae. CT scans and MRIs determine if the vertebrae is pressing on the nerves. The slip is graded from one to four with four being the most severe.

Treatments

• Grade one and two should respond well to physical therapy. Grades three and four may require surgical methods, such as a spinal fusion. Strengthening and stretching exercises under the guidance of a doctor can lessen pain and create better spinal stability.