About Herniated Discs

If you are between 30 and 50 years old, you might be at risk for developing a herniated disc. As you age, the discs that are located between the vertebra of your spinal column begin to deteriorate. These discs provide a layer of protective padding and act as shock absorbers. However, cracks and tears in the outer layer of the discs, known as the annulus fibrosus, allow the inside nucleus pulposus to leak out and compress the spinal cord and nerves. This compression of the nerves results in pain that can radiate through your entire body.

Causes

• Herniated discs are most often caused by years of normal wear and tear. In fact, the majority of herniated discs occur slowly over time and are the result of minor injuries. However, some herniated discs are the result of injuries sustained from sudden twisting or improper lifting.

Symptoms

• Because of the often slow progression of the condition, not everyone experiences painful symptoms associated with herniated discs. And when people do experience back pain, the pain is usually not bad enough to warrant medical attention. If your pain worsens, though, or if you experience sudden, crippling back pain, see a doctor. Likewise, any weakness, numbness or tingling in the arms or legs should be addressed by a physician. Sciatica is a shooting pain, usually in one leg, that radiates from the buttocks to the foot. Rarely, a herniated disc might cause you to lose control of your bowels or bladder.

Stages

• There are four stages in the progression of a herniated disc: disc degeneration, prolapse, extrusion and sequestration. Disc degeneration is the weakening of the nucleus pulposus, commonly associated with age. Prolapse is the slight bulging or protrusion of the nucleus pulposus against the annulus fibrosus. Extrusion occurs when the nucleus pulposus breaks through the annulus fibrosus but is still contained within the disc. The final stage, sequestration, occurs when the nucleus pulposus breaks through the annulus fibrosus and leaks into the spinal canal, compressing the spinal nerves.

Treatment

• There are many non-surgical methods used to treat herniated discs; in fact, only five percent of people require surgery at all. Spinal bracing, using both flexible and rigid materials, minimizes movements of the spine. Some people benefit from chiropractic care and enjoy the increased range of spinal motion that a spinal adjustment provides. Others can control their back pain with over-the-counter anti-inflammatory drugs, prescribed muscle relaxants or epidural steroid injections. Physical therapy in the forms of deep tissue massage, hot and cold treatments and exercise programs can also treat back pain.

Preventio

• To reduce your chances of developing herniated discs, treat your back well. Always practice proper lifting techniques and good posture. Exercise frequently and maintain a healthy weight. If you smoke, quit, as smoking actually increases the risk of a herniated disc.